Using English To Classify : The Composition Of Matter In Chemistry

 

How Classifying Matter? The universe consists of planets, such as Earth. On earth there are mountains, air, sea, and so many other things. Everything that is in the universe is composed of matter. consisting of the elements of water, air, earth, and fire. That picture of the diversity of the material universe. The universe is made up of millions of materials that occupy it. There are planets, millions of stars, the air, the oceans, and much other material.

Material Classification

When we gathered a group of objects by its nature, steps that can be done is as follows.

»Viewing characteristics of the object.

»Noting similarities and differences in the nature of each object.

»Inserting objects that have similar characteristics into one group.

»Giving the name is added to each group of these objects.

Scientists mengaklasifikasi material to be more easily studied and developed systematically. Matter is anything that has mass and can occupy a space. The material is based on its form can be grouped into solid, liquid, and gas. Examples of solids are several types of metal, such as iron, gold, and zinc. Some kind of solution is an example of a liquid form. Examples of gaseous hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Cigarette smoke is one of the gases that are harmful to health. Therefore there lalarangan smoke. Smoking is harmful to the smoker in addition, it is also dangerous for other people who are around smokers, because cigarette smoke will be inhaled by others as passive smokers. Examples of states of matter that is simple and easy to understand is water. When in the form of chunks of ice, ice is said to be in a solid form. However, when heated the ice will turn back into water. The water is said to be in liquid form. When heated at 100 ° C the water will turn into steam. Water vapor is said to be in the form of gas.

Elements, compounds, and Mixture

 

A.    Element

When we see two buildings, both of which have a peak building made of particular materials. For example, Dian Al-Mahri Mosque, and the National Monument, the building has a peak Both buildings made of gold, however, whether the reader know how the gold when it is found in nature? If we look at all the objects around. Pencils, books, tables, chairs, doors, windows, clothes, and so on. Composed of what all these things? All the objects in our world consists of matter. Scientists classify material based on the composition and nature. Based on the composition, the material that exists in nature can be classified into single substances and mixtures. When we examine more deeply, a single substance that exists in nature can be divided into elements and compounds. The element is a single substance that can not be subdivided into simpler parts and will retain the original characteristics of the element. A lump of gold, if divided on until the smallest part will be a gold atom. There are so many elements in nature can be encountered in everyday life, such as iron, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel. Same with gold example above, let us consider the piece of iron when subdivided into the smallest parts will remain the iron atom. Similarly, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel. From the explanation, then we can conclude that the element is a single substance that can not be converted back into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means. The smallest part of an element is an atom.

When we learn an instrument, of course we have to learn the symbols of music or not baloknya. These symbols can be read and studied by everyone, so that everyone can learn it easily. The chemists also use a symbol or emblem to show the difference between the chemical elements with one another. Chemists have found the elements since the 9th century and gradually continue to develop until the 20th century. Elements in nature can be divided into two types, namely metal and non-metal elements. Examples of the metal element is iron, gold, zinc and examples of non-metallic elements are carbon, nitogen, and oxygen. Name elements used Latin by the inventor of the first or where the discovery of the element. Not naming differentiated between the natural elements found in natural and artificial elements. Some elements of the name in honor of the inventor or the identity of the discovery. Symbol elements designed to facilitate the writing of the name of the element, that is by shortened. Symbols elements currently used internationally is by Jons Jacob Berzelius.

How Award emblem elements by Berzelius

• Each element is represented by a single letter, the initial letters of the Latin name.

• initial letters written in capital letters or uppercase.

• For elements which have the same initial letter, given the small letters of the name of the element.

Example:

Carbon (Latin name: Carbon), symbol: (C)

Calcium (Calcium Latin name), symbol (Ca)

The elements are then arranged in the form of periodic system of elements.
If we consider, both metals and non-metals have many uses in everyday life. For example, iron and copper, widely used for tools and utensils, household appliances, and materials for the frame of the vehicle. The element iodine is widely used as an antiseptic.

B.     Compound

In everyday life, we often use water, sugar, salt, vinegar, and some other materials. These materials are compound. As outlined in the discussion of the elements, that the smallest part of an element is an atom. Two atoms joined by chemical reaction will form a molecule, which is the smallest part of a compound. Thus, it can be explained that a compound consisting of two or more elements. Thus, a compound is broken down into its elements.

From the description, it can be explained that the compound is a single substance that can be broken down into two types or more simpler substances by chemical means. For example, water has the formula H2O can be decomposed into the elements hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).

How a compound can be formed? Compounds are formed through a process of mixing chemical substances, combustion or decomposition (decomposition) is thermally or electrically. The nature of a compound will vary with constituent elements. For example, the nature of water as a compound will vary with hydrogen gas and oxygen as constituent elements. Water as a liquid form, while the hydrogen and oxygen in both gaseous at room temperature. Water can be used to extinguish the fire, while the hydrogen gas is flammable substance and oxygen gas is a substance that is needed in the combustion.

C.    Mixture

Examples of some of the mixture that we often encounter in our daily lives is milk chocolate, river water, air, rocks, iodized salt, and metal alloys. We also may often use different types of mixtures, such as cooking, sweet tea or coffee. The mixture is a material consisting of two substances over and still has its original astringent properties.

 

Homogeneous Mixture

Homogenous mixture we encounter in everyday life. Sugar solution, saline solution, and the syrup is an example of a homogeneous mixture. In sugar solution, we can not distinguish the constituent substances. Homogenous mixture is a mixture of indistinguishable substances that are mixed in with it. Examples of homogeneous mixture is a solution.

 

A solution composed of a solvent (solvent) and solute (solute). The solvent used is water. Other compounds that can be used as pelarutadalah organic solvent, such as chloroform. In solution, the size of a very small solute particles with a diameter of less than 1 nm and therefore can not be viewed though a microscope ultra. Therefore, the solution looks homogeneous (homogenizing) which causes the solute and solvent in the solution can not be distinguished.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture of sand and water in the glass is one example of a heterogeneous mixture. Heterogeneous mixture occurs because the substances can not be mixed with each other perfectly so that it can recognize the constituent substances. Thus, the heterogeneous mixture, all the parts do not have the same composition (not homogenizing).